<p>Oak Lawn is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The brick dwelling was built in 1822, and consists of a two-story, four-bay, main block flanked by one-story, two-bay wings. The central section has a front gable roof and one-story porch with a flat roof supported by four Tuscan order columns and topped by a second story balcony. Exterior chimneys arise between the main block and each of the wings. Also on the property are a contributing kitchen  and two cemeteries. It was built by James Dinsmore, a Scots-Irish builder who worked for Thomas Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is located in the Fifeville and Tonsler Neighborhoods Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District is a historic courthouse and national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 22 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object  centered on Court Square. The original section of the courthouse was built in 1803 in the Federal style and is now the north wing. The courthouse is a two-story, five-bay, T-shaped brick building with a Greek Revival style portico. Other notable buildings include the Levy Opera House , Number Nothing , Redland Club , and Eagle Tavern.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The district was incorporated into the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District, also known as the Charlottesville Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses the previously listed Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District and includes 269 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in the city of Charlottesville. It includes the traditional heart of the city&#39;s commercial, civic, and religious activities, with early residential development and industrial sites located along the fringe. The commercial core is located along a seven block Downtown Mall designed by Lawrence Halprin . Notable buildings include the Albemarle County Courthouse , Levy Opera House , Number Nothing , Redland Club , Eagle Tavern, United States Post Office and Courts Building , Christ  Church , Beth Israel Synagogue , Holy Comforter Catholic Church , First Methodist Church , McIntire Public Library , and Virginia National Bank . Also located in the district are the separately listed Abell-Gleason House, William H. McGuffey Primary School, Thomas Jonathan Jackson sculpture, Robert Edward Lee sculpture, and Marshall-Rucker-Smith House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Rugby Road–University Corner Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 173 contributing buildings in the city of Charlottesville. It includes a variety of commercial, residential, and institutional structures mirroring the University of Virginias development between the 1890s and the Great Depression. It includes properties on Carrs Hill. Notable buildings include the Chancellor Building , the Minor Court Building , Mincers Shop Building 1920s), the Stevens-Shepherd Building , Buckingham Palace , St. Pauls Episcopal Church , Madison Hall , fraternity houses dating from 1902 to 1928, Fayerweather Hall , the Bayly Museum , Faculty Apartments building , Watts-Hillel House , and Hotopp-Watson House . Also located in the district are the separately listed Anderson Brothers Building, Preston Court Apartments, and Wynhurst.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Ridge Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 32 contributing buildings in a four block residential section of the city of Charlottesville. It was primarily developed after the 1870s-1880s. Notable buildings include the Gleason House , Fuller-Bailey House , Clarence L. Hawkins House , Bibb-Wolfe House , Gianny-Bailey House , Walters-Witkin House , and Colonel John B. Strange House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Wertland Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 25 contributing buildings in a two block residential section of the city of Charlottesville. It was primarily developed starting in the 1880s. Notable buildings include the Wertenbaker House , McKennie-Miller House , Ward-Brown-Gay House , Marshall-Dabney-Cubbage House , Bryan-Stallings House , and Watson House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Martha Jefferson Historic District, also known as Locust Grove Addition, is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 154 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site , and 1 contributing structure in a primarily residential section of the city of Charlottesville. It was developed between 1893 and 1957 and includes examples of the Late Victorian and Colonial Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Eddins-Tilden House , Dorothy S. Marshall House , and Martha Jefferson Hospital . Located in the district is the separately listed Locust Grove.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Oakhurst–Gildersleeve Neighborhood Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 78 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of the city of Charlottesville. It was developed between 1910 and the 1960s and includes examples of the Bungalow, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Fifeville and Tonsler Neighborhood Historic District is a national historic district located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The district encompasses 264 contributing buildings and 3 contributing sites in a predominantly African-American residential section of the city of Charlottesville. It was developed between 1890 and the 1930s and includes examples of the Bungalow and Gothic Revival styles. The oldest is dated to 1822. Located in the district are the separately listed Oak Lawn, Benjamin Tonsler House, Delevan Baptist Church, and Gardner-Mays Cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>A cross was burned in this neighborhood, at Cherry Avenue and Apple Street, near Ridge Street, on 15 August 1950. Three white men left the scene before they could be identified.</p><br>
<p>Old Portlock School No. 5 is a historic school building located at Chesapeake, Virginia. It was built in 1908, and is a one-story, rectangular, Colonial Revival style brick building. It features a hipped roof and a classical temple fronted porch with frieze, pediment, cornice, columns and pilasters. It continued to serve as an educational facility until the mid-1960s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Wallaceton is a historic home located at Chesapeake, Virginia. The original section was built between 1853 and 1863, as a company store. It was expanded after the American Civil War. It is a -story, rectangular, Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It has flat corner pilasters, a heavy box cornice under the eaves, and a full width front porch. Also on the property are a contributing two-room kitchen building and a dairy. About 1910, it was relocated approximately 100 feet to the east of the Dismal Swamp Canal to remove it from canal property. It was named for John Gallaudet Wallace  a farmer and businessman who fought in the Civil War for the Confederacy, as a Captain of Company C, 61st Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Centreville–Fentress Historic District is a national historic district located at Chesapeake, Virginia. The district encompasses 24 contributing buildings and 10 contributing structures in a rural farming community that developed a small commercial core. It was developed starting in the 1880s, with the addition of the Norfolk and Elizabeth City Railroad link to the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal. Notable resources include the Fentress House , Colonial Revival style Centerville Baptist Church , New Burfoot House , Queen Anne style George Jackson House , the Norfolk and Elizabeth City, NC Railroad Tracks, and a 1920 commercial building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Oaklette Historic District is a national historic district located at Chesapeake, Virginia. The district encompasses 30 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in an early-20th century planned streetcar suburb of Norfolk, Virginia. It is a primarily residential district that developed starting about World War I. The dwellings include representative examples of the Colonial Revival and Bungalow styles. Notable buildings include the Savage House , Pascal Paxson House , George Wesley Jones House , Samuel Paxson House , Colonna Estate Caretaker&#39;s House , and the Baker House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>South Norfolk Historic District is a national historic district located at Chesapeake, Virginia. The district encompasses 668 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in what started as a planned community of Norfolk County, Virginia and grew to become an independent city. South Norfolk was never part of Norfolk, Virginia. In fact, the two cities are separated by the Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River. South Norfolk is a primarily residential district that was developed between 1890 and 1930. The dwellings include representative examples of the Colonial Revival, Stick Style, and Queen Anne styles. The district also includes several churches, a school, a park, and a small local business district.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Sunray Agricultural Historic District is a national historic district located at Chesapeake, Virginia. The district encompasses 188 contributing buildings, 90 contributing sites, 2 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the early 20th-century immigrant farming community of Sunray. It includes early 20th century vernacular farmhouses, agricultural buildings, Sunray School , and St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church . The district also includes a tidal ditch system, the abandoned Virginian Railway Tracks , and agricultural fields laid out with the platting of 1908.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. In 1908, the first long term farming community of Polish Americans was Sunray. Sunray is located in Chesapeake, Virginia, which was Norfolk County at the time. The Piast colony was the original name, commemorating the Piast Dynasty, Poland&#39;s first royal family, but it was renamed Sunray after the name of the 1910 station on the Virginian Railway in the town. Many Polish immigrants worked in factories and mines on the East Coast of the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Homestead Corporation, incorporated in Norfolk in 1907, encouraged the immigrants to move to this farming community by platting the land to individual farm and house plots. The land was a swamp and the farmers purchasing the land had to clear trees and dig stumps out of the wetlands. They had to set up tidal drainage ditches to drain the wetland. The ditches would always have to be maintained for continued farming. The farms let them invest and grow their money from the factories into productive farms. Sophia Barnack&#39;s store was a place where community members could gather, it had beer and sodas at a table and Polish American Polka music along with Country music. They continued to welcome Polish Americans through the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Ellerslie is an historic home located at Colonial Heights, Virginia. It is a large -story, hip-roofed, Italian Villa style dwelling with a two-story rear service wing connected by an arcade. It features a three-story tower with a hipped roof and a full-width front porch.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, Scottish born Petersburg tobacco magnate David Dunlop and his wife, Anna Mercer Minge, a niece of USA President William Henry Harrison, acquired the 200 acre Ellerslie tract along Swift Creek near Petersburg, along the new rail line of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Company in Chesterfield County. Dunlop planted tobacco there, eventually more than doubled his land holdings, and constructed Ellerslie, a large plantation house that boasted a mosaic floor and an inner dome with frescoes. On 22 June 1856 Ellerslie was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>Dunlop engaged the Irish architect Robert Young to design a villa-style mansion to replace the first house. Young, a native of Belfast designed Ellerslie in 1856 as a country house for the wealthy industrialist whose primary residence was in Petersburg. The house featured a flat roof with turrets and a towers and a castellated parapet. The home was elegantly furnished and set amid romantically landscaped grounds.</p><br>
<p>In 1864, during the American Civil War, Ellerslie stood in the middle of the Confederate line of defense along Swift Creek. On May 9–10, Confederate Gens. Johnson Hagood and Bushrod Johnson, with 4,200 men, contested the advance towards Petersburg of a much larger Federal force, composed of elements of General Benjamin Butler&#39;s Army of the James. During the fighting on May 9, a Confederate battery near the house dueled with Federal gunners across the creek at Arrowfield Farm. In addition to being hit by small arms fire, a cannonball struck the house and remained embedded in the wall until the house was remodeled in 1910.</p><br>
<p>At noon on May 9, the 63rd Tennessee Infantry occupied hastily dug rifle pits around the mansion as part of the Confederate reserve. When Union skirmishers advanced to a fence line about 600 yards from Ellerslie, two Tennessee companies pushed them back. During the night, the Confederates drove a Federal gun from the bank of Swift Creek. The Federals retreated to their camps at Point of Rocks the next morning. Federal operations then shifted toward Richmond and culminated in the Battle of Drewrys Bluff on May 16. Dunlop continued to reside at Ellerslie during the conflict and died, following a stroke, on May 25, 1864, leaving an estate including his tobacco factory, land and slaves valued at more than $652,000 (equal to over $10 million in 2019). He was buried in Blandford Cemetery, in Petersburg. Dunlops fine townhouse in Petersburg was severely damaged during the Siege of Petersburg that began shortly after his death.</p><br>
<p>Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard established his headquarters at Ellerslie and kept them there intermittently through June. On September 2, Hagoods South Carolina brigade established a rest camp at Ellerslie and remained here until September 28. On the night of April 2, 1865, with the fall of Petersburg imminent, fires illuminated Ellerslie and explosions rocked the house as commissary supplies and munitions were burned at Dunlops Station nearby on the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to prevent them from falling into the hands of Federal forces as Jefferson Davis, his Cabinet, and the Confederate defenders abandoned Richmond and fled south. Several civilians were killed in the resulting conflagration.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 Dunlops grandson, David Dunlop III, engaged the Richmond architectural firm of Carneal and Johnston to extensively remodel the Ellerslie mansion, in a fanciful version of the Bungaloid style that was then popular, retaining the houses basic structure and tower but replacing the original flat roof and castellated parapet with a hipped roof and dormers. The interior of the house was completely remodeled; none of the original woodwork or interior decoration was retained. The Bungaloid feeling of the exterior was carried into the stair hall. It features a finely crafted exposed joist ceiling, with tongue-and-grooved work between the joists. The rich, dark-wood stair was given square-tapered newells and a balustrade containing mogul-type arches. The reception rooms were restyled with a combination of Louis XVI and Georgian motifs.</p><br>
<p>Although David Dunlop, III, sold the tobacco business to the recently established British-American Tobacco Company in 1911, the estate remained in the Dunlop family through the mid 20th century and was a dairy farm. Its large dairy barn was a local landmark for decades. The portion of Chesterfield County where Ellerslie stands became the City of Colonial Heights in 1948. The Ellerslie barn was demolished in the early 1990s and the surrounding farmland has since been developed as a shopping center.</p><br>
<p>Ellerslie was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Fort Clifton Archeological Site is a historic American Civil War fort archaeological site located at Fort Clifton Park, Colonial Heights, Virginia. The park is the site of Fort Clifton on the Appomattox River where five Union ships sailed on Confederate troops on June 11, 1864. The Confederate Battery, with cannon emplacements, remained in Confederate hands as the cannons drove the Union attackers away. The park has earthworks that criss-cross the property. Fort Clifton Park has hiking trails and Civil War campaign signage on site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Fudge House is a historic residence in the city of Covington, Virginia, United States. The earliest log section dates to about 1798, with additions and modifications made about 1826, 1897, and 1910. The resultant house is a two-story, weatherboarded structure of log, frame, and brick construction with a hipped roof, and four exterior chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse and the ruins of a slave cabin and a third house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Covington Historic District is a national historic district located at Covington, Virginia. The district encompasses 108 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing structure in the historic core of the city of Covington. It includes late-19th and early-20th-century commercial buildings, dwellings that date from around 1820 until 1940, and governmental, educational, religious, industrial, and transportation-related</p><br>
<p>buildings. Notable buildings include Merry Stand (c. 1817), the James Burk House (1824), Callaghan House (1840s), William W. Lawrence House (1850s), Rinehart Building (c. 1895), Covington Savings Bank (1910s), I. O. O. F. Building, Covington Post Office (1914), Hotel Collins (1910), Hippodrome Theater (1920s), C&O Railway and Freight Station (1914-1915), Alleghany County Courthouse (1910), Alleghany</p><br>
<p>County Jail, Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Emmanuel Episcopal Church, First Presbyterian Church (1924), and Covington Baptist Church (1902).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site is in northern Lake County, Oregon, United States. The site is located near the summit of Picture Rock Pass on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The designs were scraped into a basalt boulder by ancient Native Americans, probably between 7,500 and 12,000 years ago. No one knows the meaning of the petroglyph designs. Because of its unique archaeological and cultural significance, the Picture Rock Pass Petroglyph Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric environment</h2><br>
<p>Following the retreating glaciers of the last glaciation period of the Ice Age, melt water accumulated in the closed basins of what now is south central Oregon. As a result, pluvial lakes covered much of the high desert. This included the Summer Lake basin south of Picture Rock Pass and the Silver Lake basin north of the pass. The marshes and meadows that surrounded these lakes were ideal habitat for wildlife including bison, deer, antelope, mountain sheep, and many varieties of waterfowl. The abundant wildlife drew prehistoric hunters to the area.</p><br>
<p>No one knows when the first people arrived in south central Oregon. However, there is evidence that Native Americans have lived in this area for over 12,000 years. Little is known about the people who occupied the land at that time, except that they camped and hunted near the ancient lakes around Picture Rock Pass. This was confirmed by Clovis Period artifacts found at Fort Rock Cave and Paisley Caves. These archeological sites are both close to the pass. In addition to leaving artifacts in caves, the area&#39;s early inhabitants created rock carvings at sites throughout south central Oregon including Picture Rock Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>The Picture Rock Pass petroglyphs are carved on a south-facing basalt boulder near the summit of the pass. No one knows when the Picture Rock Pass petroglyphs were created or who carved them. However, they were probably created during either Clovis Period (10,000 and 12,000 years ago) or the Stemmed Point Period that followed (7,500 to 10,000 years ago), placing the likely period of the rock carvings sometime between 7,500 and 12,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The meaning of the Picture Rock Pass petroglyphs is unknown. The most common explanations are that they were used in hunting ceremonies or marked the migration routes of native peoples. Alternatively, the petroglyphs may have been created to identify tribal territory, record myths, or commemorate important tribal events. Perhaps the simplest explanation is that the petroglyphs were just fanciful designs cut into the rock by a prehistoric artist. While all these theories are possible explanations for their creation, no one knows for sure what motivated the petroglyph maker.</p><br>
<p>There are ten figures in the Picture Rock Pass petroglyph group. Three are human-like figures. One of these is a small stick figure in the lower left corner of the grouping. The second human figure is a middle-size figure along the bottom to the right of center. The largest bipedal figure is more interesting. While it appears to be a human figure, it also has large horns and what may be a second set of arms. This suggests it may represent a spirit figure. The other seven figures depict four-legged animals. They could be game animals or hunting dogs. One of the animals in the center of the petroglyph grouping appears to have a rider. However, experts note that the patina of the riding figure is different than the four-legged animal it is riding on or any of the other figures. This indicates that the rider was probably added after the original carving was done. If that is true, the original figure may have been a mountain sheep or another game animal.</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>Fortunately the Picture Rock Pass site has been free from vandalization, but the petroglyphs remain very fragile and must be protected. Because prehistoric petroglyph sites have great archeological value and are often associated with Native American cultural practices, they are identified for protection when located on United States Government lands. A majority of the government-owned petroglyph sites have been officially designated as Areas of Critical Environmental Concern. This ensures that these cultural resources are preserved and protected.</p><br>
<p>Because of its cultural significance and unique archaeological value, the Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 28 August 1975. The Bureau of Land Management has mapped and documented the Picture Rock Pass Petroglyphs Site to record its condition. Photographs are used to compare site conditions over time. Volunteers from the Archaeological Society of Central Oregon help Bureau of Land Management cultural and law enforcement specialists monitor the site.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Picture Rock Pass petroglyphs are located on Bureau of Land Management property just south of Oregon Route 31 between the small unincorporated communities of Silver Lake and Summer Lake. The location of the petroglyphs is not well marked, but the site is less than 100 ft from the highway.</p><br>
<p>Thomas C. Miller Public School is a historic school building located in Fairmont, Marion County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1914 with an annex added in 1928. The original building is Colonial Revival in style with Jacobethan style detailing in the</p><br>
<p>entrance surrounds. The architect was Frank L. Packard.</p><br>
<p>The 1928 annex is a three-story brick building with concrete foundation, laid in the Flemish garden wall (Sussex) bond. William B. Ittner was the architect.</p><br>
<p>The school was named for Thomas Condit Miller, an educator in Fairmont,</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Silas Ferrell House is a historic residence in the village of Shiloh, Ohio, United States. Built in the closing decades of the nineteenth century as the home of a wealthy businessman, the house exemplifies the economic prosperity of 1880s Shiloh. Its distinctive architecture has qualified it for designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shiloh was platted in September 1852 around a rural station of the Sandusky and Mansfield Railroad at a three-way junction with the Cleveland and Columbus Railroad and with the road between the cities of Tiffin and Wooster. Originally named "Salem Station" because of its location near the short-lived village of Salem, it was given its present name in 1862, soon after the Battle of Shiloh in the Civil War. By the end of the century, Shiloh was a flourishing locality: with the presence of the railroads, the villages commerce grew to the point that parts of the business district were three stories tall. Further contributing to local prosperity was the presence of natural gas deposits, which were sufficient to supply all local needs while leaving some for export to surrounding communities. Within such an environment was the Silas Ferrell House constructed in 1880. Ferrell was a well-to-do village merchant: he owned the general store and a factory that produced agricultural equipment, and he had a share in the operation of Shilohs grain elevator. Since Ferrell&#39;s day, his house has not always been used as a residence; for a time, it was the location of the McQuate Funeral Home.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Ferrell House is a square Italianate residence with a cupola atop the center of the hip roof. Two stories high, the weatherboarded structure rests on a foundation of limestone; its roof is tin, and additional elements are made of wood. A small porch is attached to the front, and the roofs feature cornices with brackets. Such elements are clear examples of the Italianate style, along with the symmetrical three-bay facade, the decorative milling on the cornice and the windows, and the hoods atop the rounded windows. No other building in Shiloh retains such a high degree of integrity in the Italianate style, and its location on Main Street increases the house&#39;s prominence. Completing the property are a small shed and a two-story carriage house behind the house itself.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>At the end of 1987, the Silas Ferrell House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its well-preserved historic architecture. More than sixty buildings and historic districts throughout Richland County have been given this distinction, but most are located in the county seat of Mansfield, and the Ferrell House is the only one in or near Shiloh.</p><br>
<p>Buford Tower  is a tower standing along the north shore of Lady Bird Lake in downtown Austin, Texas. The structure was originally built in 1930 as a drill tower for the Austin Fire Department, but it now serves as a bell tower and landmark. Named after fire department Captain James L. Buford, the structure has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Austin first established a professional fire department in 1916, creating a need for a drill tower where the firefighters could train. On December 26, 1929, City Council authorized construction of a fire drill tower on a parcel of land along the Colorado River downtown, where the river could provide water for testing fire hoses and extinguishing training fires. The tower was built in 1930 at a cost of $6,200, and it immediately began to be burned and flooded regularly during training exercises and the testing of equipment. It also served as a backdrop for fire department photographs, social events, and public firefighting demonstrations.</p><br>
<p>As decades passed, firefighting technology advanced, and Austins buildings grew taller. In the 1960s, snorkel trucks gave the citys firefighters access to higher windows than could be reached with traditional ladders, and the tower&#39;s value as a training facility declined. At the same time, the growth of the city meant that the drill tower, originally built near the southern edge of town, was now crowded by tall modern buildings and heavy traffic, making the training fires a growing hazard to downtown. Finally, in 1974 the fire department opened a new training tower in southeast Austin, and the original Fire Drill Tower was closed.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration and carillon</h3><br>
<p>The tower stood unused and untended for years, and its unglazed windows allowed it to become infested with pigeons; eventually the city marked the structure for demolition. In 1978, however, Effie Kitchens (the widow of the towers original builder) led a public campaign, together with the Austin chapter of the National Association of Women in Construction, to raise funds for the towers restoration. The campaign raised $45,000, of which Kitchens personally contributed $30,000.</p><br>
<p>These funds allowed the towers brick facade to be cleaned, its roof repaired, and its windows glazed to keep wildlife out. Decorative iron grillwork was added to the doors at ground level and to the highest level, where an electronic carillon bell system was installed, transforming the fire drill tower into a working bell tower. After the renovations were completed, on August 23, 1978 the tower was rededicated as Buford Tower, named after Austin Fire Department Captain James L. Buford, the first Austin firefighter to die in the line of duty. The bell system was named the Kitchens Memorial Chimes, after the towers builder, Rex D. Kitchens.</p><br>
<p>Today, the bells chime the hours and play Christmas carols during the Christmas season. The tower has also become the site of the Austin Firefighters Associations annual memorial service for first responders who lost their lives during the 9/11 attacks.</p><br>
<p>On April 1, 2021, a fire from a nearby homeless camp extended to the tower causing damage. The fire department ruled the cause of the fire "incendiary," or intentionally set, pending further investigation. The damage is estimated at $12,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Buford Tower is a freestanding six-story concrete tower clad with reddish-brown brick with limestone accents, 67 ft tall with a 14 ft square cross-section. Built in the style of an Italianate campanile, it features a low-pitched square hip roof and round-arched Romanesque Revival doors and windows. The tower was designed by local architect J. Roy White for the Austin-based Hugo Kuehne architecture firm; its construction contractor was local builder Rex D. Kitchens.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>At its base, the tower rests on a 4 ft white concrete plinth. The entrance faces the street on the north side, with three concrete steps leading up to the arched doorway from street level. The doors are covered by black cast iron grillwork gates and flanked by a pair of cast iron light fixtures. On the first five floors, each face of the building is penetrated by one centered window (excepting the first floor, where the north face instead has the front doorway, and the south face is a solid brick wall). The windows are now glazed, though they were originally left open to facilitate airflow to the training fires. The doorway and all of the windows are topped by semicircular brick arches; the windows have concrete sills, matching the steps below the doorway.</p><br>
<p>Above the fifth level, the tower is wrapped by a stone cornice supported by brick corbels, separating the sixth floor from the lower levels. Each wall of the top level features a wider, double-arched opening set into a recessed rectangular bay; the round central column and the arches are of limestone, and square brick pilasters with limestone capitals frame the openings to the sides. The arches were originally open, but since the 1978 restoration they have been filled with metal mesh and cast iron grillwork. Above these openings, another ring of brick corbels supports the hipped red tile roof.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the ground level has a floor of pavers, white walls, and a flight of concrete steps leading to the second level. The second through fifth levels are all largely alike, with bare concrete floors and ceilings, and exposed brick walls; they connect to each other by a central steel staircase. The sixth level is accessed from the fifth by an attic ladder; it has the same concrete floor and brick walls as the lower levels, but a wooden plank ceiling hides the rafters supporting the roof. The top level houses the loudspeakers of the electronic carillon; the system&#39;s controls are below, on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Crittenden Farm is a historic farm-and-ranch complex in far northern Ashland County, Ohio, United States. Once home to an internationally prominent sheep farmer, the complex includes some of the regions most distinctive agricultural architecture as well as scattered pieces of land that have seen almost no changes since the area was first settled. It has been named a historic site because of its place in the areas history.</p><br>
<h2>Crittenden family</h2><br>
<p>In 1836, New York natives Medad and Sarah Crittenden removed westward to the present site of Chicago, where they purchased a full square mile of land. Upon becoming dissatisfied with the place, they returned eastward and settled near Sarahs parents, who were among the earliest and most prominent settlers in Ashland Countys Ruggles Township. Medad took up sheep breeding and ultimately purchased large areas of land to accommodate his flocks, which frequently numbered one thousand head. Among their ten children was Alvin, who succeeded his father in the stock-raising business before moving eastward near the Troy Township line and establishing the present farm in 1882. Here, he established an extensive modern farm complex and made his name as an internationally prominent breeder: Crittendens Delaine sheep were exhibited at the local and state fairs, and both at these levels and at Worlds Fairs his animals were crowned champions. As a result, there was great demand for his sheep: annually he shipped many to every state in the Union, and he even sent large flocks as far as South Africa; by 1909, some of his animals commanded prices as high as $500 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<h2>Farm</h2><br>
<p>A full century after Crittenden established his farm, it remained Ashland Countys largest, measuring 665 acre in area. When it was constructed, the farmhouse was one of the most conspicuous features of the property, and in 1909 it was regarded as one of the finest in the region. Built of wood, this Second Empire structure has been exceptionally well preserved: by the end of the century, the farmhouse remained in excellent condition, retaining many components that combine to make it unequalled among late nineteenth-century farmhouses throughout the northern half of the state. Other significant portions of the property include an intact family cemetery and one of the regions few pieces of virgin forest.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In April 1982, the Crittenden Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its place in local history. Composed of eighteen contributing properties (fourteen buildings, three other structures, and a site with no buildings), the district includes the farmhouse, various outbuildings, and miscellaneous other structures; unlike the farmhouse, some of the buildings feature the Italianate style of architecture. It is one of sixteen National Register-listed locations in Ashland County; many of the others are located in or near the county seat of Ashland, far to the south, although the John and Michael Crumrine Farms are a short distance to the east near the community of Nova.</p><br>
<p>The William K. and Nellie  Sexton House is a private residence located at 205 Mason Road in Marion Township, Michigan. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Kendrick Sexton was born in 1835 in Sherburne, New York. His father moved to Michigan in 1837. Sexton was educated in Michigan, then attended the Commercial College in Chicago in 1858 and went to work for the Cairo and Fulton Railroad Company. He returned home to Michigan in 1860 to marry Cynthia L. Adams of Utica, Michigan, then purchased 240 acres of his father&#39;s land and began farming. His farm was prosperous, and he quickly became an important local businessman by the 1870s. In the 1880s he began breeding cattle, being one of the first in the United States to breed Holsteins. His cattle began breaking records for milk production.</p><br>
<p>In 1894, Cynthia died. In 1895, Sexton began construction on this house to serve as his home and as place to entertain cattle buyers close to the city of Howell. The house was completed in 1896, and Sexton remarried, this time to Nellie Harper. He lived in this house until his death in 1917. His wife Nellie Sexton continued to live in the house afterward, until her own death in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The William K. Sexton House is a two-story Queen Anne-style structure faced in red-orange brick. It has an asymmetrical plan and an irregular roofline. It sits on a high ashlar foundation topped with a stone water table. The building has a hip roof with flat deck and lower, pedimented cross gables whose ends are decorated with wooden fishscale shingles. A wooden, bracketed cornice supports the eaves. The front has a wide shed-roof porch, which wraps around to access a side entrance. The porch has a front gable decorated with fishscale shingles above the front steps. Smaller porches are on other elevations.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, an entry foyer opens to a staircase; an office, parlor, dining room, and kitchen are also located on the first floor. The second floor contains an L-shaped hallway and four bedrooms, a bathroom, and a maid&#39;s quarters. house contains original oak, walnut, and maple trim, as well as elaborate spindlework in the stairway balustrade. There are two fireplaces on the ground floor with wooden mantles and glazed tile surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The Anita Willets Burnham Log House, located at 1140 Willow Rd. in the Crow Island Woods of Winnetka, Illinois, United States, was the home and studio of artist and author Anita Willets-Burnham. The log house, which is frac, was built approximately 1836 on a farmstead in south central Winnetka. In 1917, Willets-Burnham purchased the house from Indian Hill Club on the condition it be moved from their golf course, on the 9th green hole. It was therefore moved to 1401 Tower Road in northwest Winnetka; she placed an addition on the home in the same year. Willets-Burnham was a prominent painter whose work was based on Impressionism and realism, and she often painted outdoors; in fact, she discovered the log house while on a painting expedition. She continued her artistic career until the 1930s, when she became a writer and authored Round the World on a Penny, an account of her travels in the 1920s. Willets-Burham lived in the cabin until her death in 1956.</p><br>
<p>Willets-Burnham placed a great importance on preserving the house due to its age and place in early Winnetka settlement, and she furnished the house with period 1800s furniture rather than contemporary items. Her preservation efforts predate any other attempts to save North Shore log cabins by over fifty years, and the cabin is now the largest and likely the oldest surviving log cabin in the area. After her death, her two daughters lived in the home until their deaths in 1978 and 2000. The Winnetka Historical Society then inherited the home and relocated it to Crow Island Woods to save it from demolition. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 2, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Middleton-Pinckney House is a historic three-story home built on a raised basement at 14 George Street, Charleston, South Carolina in the Ansonborough neighborhood. Frances Motte Middleton  began construction of the house in 1796 after purchasing a second lot adjacent to one bought by her father on George St. The house was completed by her and her second husband, Maj. Gen. Thomas Pinckney, whom she married in 1797.</p><br>
<p>The couple lived in the house at least from 1801 until, on February 26, 1825, the couple sold the house to Mrs. Pinckney&#39;s son, John Middleton, for $10,000. One exception occurred in 1816, when the family resided on Legare Street, perhaps to permit the reworking of the house in the then-popular Regency style. A real estate listing ran in the Charleston City Gazette in 1816 for the sale of the house which described an "unfinished Brick Building, intended for a dwelling house" along with a kitchen house and another brick dependency.</p><br>
<p>John Middleton died in 1826, and the house was sold to Mrs. Juliet Gibbes Elliott, at which time the house became known as the Elliott Mansion. The house remained a private residence until Jesse W. Starr Jr. bought it from Mrs. Elliott&#39;s estate in 1879 and resold it to the Water Works Company of Charleston in 1880. The water company was a private company until the City took over its operation in 1917.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the house became the location of the headquarters of the Spoleto Festival USA. The City of Charleston donated the house to the festival in 2002, which undertook a rehabilitation of the property. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to the Charleston Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Ironton Norfolk and Western Depot is a former train station in downtown Ironton, Ohio, United States. Constructed at the beginning of the twentieth century, it served the transportation needs of its community for more than half a century, and it has been named a historic site because of its place in local history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ironton and the surrounding Hanging Rock region were once among Ohios most prominent industrial regions, due to extensive deposits of iron ore that were worked in the regions numerous charcoal-fired blast furnaces. For part of this period, land transportation in the region was served by the Scioto Valley Railroad, which enabled the Norfolk and Western Railway to gain access to the area in 1881 by purchasing the smaller railroad. By this time, industry was transitioning away from traditional iron smelting toward more modern methods of steel manufacturing, requiring the construction of improved trackside facilities in Ironton. As a result, the N&W erected the present station, beginning in 1906 and finishing construction in the following year. While it was built to furnish transportation for industrial purposes, the station also served the citys ordinary freight and passenger traffic needs. Trains ceased using the station when it closed in 1969. Since that time, the depot has been purchased by Irontons city government, which leases it for commercial purposes; a series of restaurants has operated out of the building since its closure. In preparation for one such occupant, extensive renovations were performed in 2007, including refinishing of the hardwood floors, repairs to the roof, and replacement of older windows.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built of brick on a brick foundation, the depot is a single-story building with a simple plan: shorter wings radiate out from both sides of the taller central structure. Separate hip roofs cover the central and side sections, except for the section above the main entrance, at which the roofline deviates to provide shelter as far as the edge of the street. Covered with a gabled roof, this extension features a four-pillar facade topped with a pediment and entablature. Smaller and simpler entrances are located to the sides of the building, which has a total area of approximately 5,000 ft&sup2;. Elements such as the main entrance combine to make the building a clear example of the Neoclassical style of architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the Ironton Norfolk and Western Depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its place in the areas history and because of its historic architecture. Thirty-one years later, much of downtown Ironton was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register; this zone, the Downtown Ironton Historic District, includes several blocks around the depots location at the junction of Park Avenue and Bobby Bare Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>The Doughty House is a private house located at 301 Chippewa Street in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plat of land on which this house stands was owned by Harvey and Cordelia Morton until 1864, when they sold it to I.A. Fancher. Although the construction date of this house is unrecorded. it is likely to have been shortly before the 1864 sale, due to the unusually high price of the sale.</p><br>
<p>In the fall of 1869, the brothers Wilkinson and Jared Doughty moved to Mount Pleasant. Wilkinson Doughty purchased this house on September 26, 1869, and the two brothers opened a general store in downtown Mount Pleasant. The store was destroyed in a large 1875 fire, and Wilkinson Doughty went on to open a dry goods store.</p><br>
<p>Doughty was an early civic leader in Mount Pleasant, and served as one of the first town trustees and was active in the Mt. Pleasant Improvement Company. He was also a founder of Central Michigan Normal School (now Central Michigan University). Wilkinson Doughty lived in this house until his death in 1909. After that, both the house and the dry goods store passed to his son Ralph. Ralph died in 1920, leaving the house to his daughter Margaret, who lived there until at least the early 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Doughty House is a prime example of balloon frame pioneer architecture. It is a two-story gabled-ell structure clad in clapboards on a fieldstone foundation. It is roughly T-shaped in plan, measuring 48 feet by 70 feet. The house has two porches, one on the front and one on the side. Both porches have thin square-section posts with delicate curvilinear brackets.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house has undergone extensive renovation. However, the exterior is nearly identical to the original plan when built. Part of the side porch has been enclosed, and a small garage added, but otherwise the house is original.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Condensed Milk Factory, also known as the Borden Creamery, is a factory building located at 320 West Broadway Street in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Whaley Hopkins was born in 1845 in Exeter, Rhode Island, the youngest child of Samuel and Freelove Burlingame Hopkins. At age 11, his family moved to Connecticut, where Hopkins attended school. At age 16, he taught school, then moved to Charleston, South Carolina and then Cleveland, Ohio to attend school. He graduated from Union Business College in 1865, and spent the next few years teaching, working in retail, and studying law. After graduation, he took up law practice in Mount Pleasant, later serving as Isabella County prosecutor and representing the area in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, seeing a need for a milk factory in Mt. Pleasant, Hopkins negotiated with the Ann Arbor railway and the Michigan Condensed Milk Factory (owned by the Borden family) to locate a milk factory on a plot of land owned by the railroad. Hopkins successfully completed negotiations, and Borden constructed this creamery, designed by William D. Kyser, Superintendent of the Borden Creamery in Fairport, New York in Mount Pleasant. The building was completed in 1908 and operated as a creamery until 1960.</p><br>
<p>After the closure of the creamery, the building was sold to Burton Bader in 1965. Bader used it primarily for storage, and sold it in 1982. The building remained vacant, and went through a series of owners and proposed redevelopment attempts, until it was acquired by the city in 2002. The building was completed in 2009, and now houses the offices of the City of Mount Pleasant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Michigan Condensed Milk Factory is a rectangular red brick two-story Commercial Italianate structure with a low, gable roof sitting on a concrete block foundation pad. All four facades have paired, four-over-four double hung sash windows in each bay on each story, surrounded by brick piers. The windows are in bowed arches formed by triple rows of header brick, and corbeled rows of stretcher brick form a cornice line above. The long gable roof supports eight wood cupolas with "witches cap" roofs and knobbed spires. The interior of the creamery has two levels of open factory space.</p><br>
<p>SamuelWhaleyHopkinsMtPleasantMI.jpgSamuel Whaley Hopkins</p><br>
<p>1908CondensedMilkFactoryMtPleasant.jpgCondensed Milk Factory, c 1908</p><br>
<p>Michigan Condensed Milk Factory Mt Pleasant c 1916.jpgCondensed Milk Factory, c 1913</p><br>
<p>Carlisle Gymnasium is an indoor arena on the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was the home of the New Mexico Lobos basketball team from its opening in 1928 until the completion of the larger Johnson Gymnasium in 1957, and was also the original venue of the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. The building currently houses the university&#39;s Elizabeth Waters Center for Dance.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by the firm of Gaastra, Gladding and Johnson in the Pueblo Revival architectural style, which was the de facto official style for all new buildings on campus. In a novel application of the style, the architects used stepped massing, vigas, and other Pueblo details to mask the rectilinear form of the gymnasium. The building was completed at a cost of approximately $85,000 and was named after Hugh Carlisle, a UNM student who died in World War I. Carlisle Gymnasium was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Marlborough Historic District is a cement factory located on James Road in Pleasant Plains Township, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1890s, the Great Northern Portland Cement Company constructed a cement plant at this site to produce cement from the local marl. Production boomed, and in 1902, the company also began construction of a nearby village, dubbed Marlborough, for plant workers. By 1905, Marlborough had 400 citizens. However, problems quickly arose, as the produced cement was inferior, production was costly, and the enormous energy demands of the plant required construction of the largest power plant in the Lower Peninsula. The Great Northern Portland Cement Company entered receivership in 1906, and the village houses were sold for salvage. The plant was dynamited for scrap iron, and by 1910 only the ruins of the plant remained.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of the Great Northern Portland Cement Company plant and the nearby town of Marlborough are spread over an 80 acre plot of land. Marlborough once contained 72 houses, an opera house, school and post office, and an 88-room hotel. none remain. The cement plant was constructed almost entirely using reinforced concrete; the storage warehouse was several hundred feet in length, and the plant held six kilns and fourteen grinding mills.</p><br>
<p>Wind Springs Ranch is a historic ranch complex located in the Wind Springs Creek Valley in Sioux County, Nebraska. The present ranch, which was built around 1910, was the third European settlement constructed on the property. The ranch has mainly raised cattle and sheep. Settlers constructed two homesteads on the property in the 19th century, neither of which lasted long; the two homesteads only survive as archaeological remains. In addition, the Fort Laramie to Spotted Tail Agency Road ran across the property in the 1800s, and Wind Springs was likely a campsite along the road; wagon ruts still remain along the road&#39;s path through the ranch. Researchers have determined the existence of eighteen sites related to European settlement on the ranch; aside from the ranch itself, all are archaeological sites.</p><br>
<p>The ranch is also the site of fifty-four archaeological sites which remain from Native American settlement in the area. A number of Paleoindian artifacts and a multitude of Archaic period projectile points indicate that settlement in the Wind Springs Creek Valley dates back several thousand years. Archaeologists separate the known sites in the area into sites in uplands and on butte tops, valley sites, and rock cairns. Two particularly significant sites, one located atop a butte and one located near its base, have yielded artifacts such as tools and bison bones.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 22, 2000, under the name Wind Springs Ranch Historic and Archeological District.</p><br>
<p>Danville Museum of Fine Arts and History, also known as the William T. Sutherlin Mansion and the Confederate Memorial, is a historic home and museum building located at Danville, Virginia. It was built for Major William T. Sutherlin in 1857–1858, and is a two-story, five-bay, stuccoed building in the Italian Villa style. It features a one-story wooden porch, a shallow hipped roof surrounded by a heavy bracketed cornice and topped by a square cupola ornamented with pilasters and a bracketed cornice.</p><br>
<p>While at the house, which served as his temporary residence from April 3 to April 10, 1865, on April 4, President Jefferson Davis signed his last official proclamation as President of the Confederate States of America. On April 10, Davis was at dinner at the house when he learned of the surrender at Appomattox.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. It is located in the Danville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the city and was used as the Danville Public Library from 1928 to 1972.</p><br>
<p>This mansion, after being sold to the city, became a “whites only” public library from 1928 to 1972. In the summer of 1960, Black students would decide that they wanted the library to be integrated, and staged a sit-in. To resist desegregation efforts, the library would be shut down, and would not open again until the fall of 1960. While the library now had to allow Black people into the library, it did not have to provide comfortable accommodations; and the library re-opened without chairs.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Established in 1974, the museum focuses on art, history, and culture in the Dan River region. Exhibits include the historic home itself with period furnishings, five art galleries, and a permanent Civil War exhibit.</p><br>
<p>Penn–Wyatt House, also known as the Hoffman House, is a historic home located at Danville, Virginia. It was built in 1876, and modified between 1887 and 1903. It is a two-story, stuccoed brick dwelling with Italianate and Second Empire style architectural elements. It features projecting bay windows, a central three-story entrance tower topped by a bell-cast mansard roof, brownstone quoining, a one-story porch with Ionic order columns, and a multi-gable roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Danville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Danville, also known as the Municipal Building and City Market, is a historic hotel building located at Danville, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main section was built in 1927–1928, and consists of a ten-story, brick main section with two smaller axes to form a "V"-shape. The building is in the Neo-Adamesque style. The building once included the Capitol Theater, and incorporated a three-story rectangular hipped roof wing, or annex, that was the former Municipal Building and City Market complex. The building provides senior housing, known as Danville House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is located in the Downtown Danville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Hylton Hall was a historic dormitory building located at Danville, Virginia. It was built about 1918, and was a six-story, five-bay, H-shaped brick and frame building in the Classical Revival style. The front facade featured a full-height entry portico supported by classical columns and the building was topped by a roof with various shapes and pitches. Also on the property was a contributing a one-story shop building built about 1928. It was built as a hotel-style dormitory for single female workers of The Riverside & Dan River Cotton Mills, Incorporated . It continued as a residential facility until 1948 when it was converted to offices.</p><br>
<p>On April 15, 2012, a fire ruled to be arson destroyed Hylton Hall. During demolition, a secret room filled with records from the 1800s until 2004 was located.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Danville Municipal Building is a historic city hall building located at Danville, Virginia, USA. It was built in 1926 and is a three-story, brick and concrete building faced in limestone in the Classical Revival style. Its front facade has a colonnade with Ionic order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It is located in the Downtown Danville Historic District and Danville Tobacco Warehouse and Residential District.</p><br>
<p>Langhorne House, also known as the Gwynn Apartments, is an historic late 19th-century house in Danville, Virginia later enlarged and used as an apartment house. Its period of significance is 1922, when Nancy Langhorne Astor, by then known as Lady Astor and the first woman to sit in the British Parliament, came to Danville to visit her birthplace and promote Anglo-American relations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original dwelling was built in 1874 as a one-story, central-passage plan structure with a rear ell. It was enlarged in 1878 to add a second story and Italianate-style porch. In 1921, the house was moved to the next lot and further enlarged, with conversion for use as four apartments. The house was attached to a three-story apartment building constructed at its original site. The front facade features a two-tier porch with fluted Doric columns in the Classical Revival style and multiple entries. In 1990, the structure was restored to its appearance in 1922, when Lady Astor made a speech to 5,000 people from the second-story porch of the house.</p><br>
<p>Named after Civil War veteran and business magnate Chiswell Langhorne, the dwelling was the birthplace of his and his wife&#39;s several daughters, all noted for their beauty. Nancy Langhorne (1879-1964) moved to England as a young woman, married Waldorf Astor and won his former seat in the British Parliament in 1919. She returned to Virginia in 1922 to visit her birthplace and to promote relations between the important allies. Her visit to Danville received national coverage in the United States and is significant in local history.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. Owned by the Lady Astor Preservation Trust, it is located in the Danville Historic District and is open to the public on Saturday afternoons or by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Main Street Methodist Church, also known as the Main Street United Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist church located at Danville, Virginia. It was built between 1865 and 1873, and is a scored stucco over brick, Romanesque Revival style porch. It features an elaborate 87 ft tall, corner bell tower that dates from an 1890-1891 church enlargement and remodeling. A complementary flanking educational building was added in 1923. It is known locally as the "Mother Church of Methodism in Danville."</p><br>
<p>The former Main Street United Methodist Church is the only Danville house of worship included on the National Register of Historic Places. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Donated by the Methodists to the nonprofit Danville Preservation League in 2008, its upkeep became too large a burden for the nonprofit. This structure has been in the private hands of William & Tania Hardin since 2016 who have taken on the responsibility of caring for the oldest standing church building in Danville. It held the offices and archives of Danville&#39;s Historic Society prior to their relocation in April 2019. It is now available to rent for events.</p><br>
<p>The Schoolfield School Complex, now the Westmoreland Schoolfield senior apartments, is a three-building complex of historic school buildings located in Danville, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Riverside & Dan River Cotton Mill Company built the complex as part of the mill company town named "Schoolfield Village." Originally most boys only attended through seventh grade, when they became eligible to work in the mills.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, the City of Danville the Schoolfield area but the elementary school continued operating for decades by the Danville Public Schools. By the mid-1990s, the school was moved to a new building and the complex served as the Danville City Schools&#39; Central Office Annex.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 and 2007, the buildings were converted to affordable apartments for residents 55 years old or more. The complex was added as a single listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 and recognized as a contributing property to the Schoolfield Historic District in 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Building A: Schoolfield Elementary School was built in 1912 or 1913. Architect Charles G. Pettit, Jr., designed the two-and-a-half-story Prairie School style brick building includes deep eaves that cap a narrow elongated structure, multi-paned massed windows, and horizontal masonry banding. It has an entry tower and addition added in 1933.</p><br>
<p>Building B: The vocational center was built in 1936 or 1937. The brick vernacular building has a marble cornerstone indicating that the building also served as the lodge for the Motega Tribe Number 80 of Improved Order of the Red Men. That fraternal organization bases their rituals on perceived Native American customs.</p><br>
<p>Building C: Schoolfield High School was built across the street in 1939 or 1940. The New Deal Public Works Administration constructed the brick, one-story, Georgian Revival style building according to a brass plaque. The elementary school later moved into this larger building.</p><br>
<p>Schoolfield School Complex Building A.jpgBuilding A</p><br>
<p>Schoolfield School Complex Building B 2.jpgBuilding B</p><br>
<p>Schoolfield School Complex Building C.jpgBuilding C</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Danville Historic District is a national historic district located at Danville, Virginia. The district includes 48 contributing buildings in the central business district of Danville. It includes a wide range of commercial, industrial, and institutional building types dating from the 1870s to the present. The district includes notable examples of the Late Gothic Revival, Tudor Revival, and Romanesque Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Danville City Auditorium , Morotock Manufacturing Company , J. T. Stovall Tobacco Factory , Kingoff Building , American National Bank & Trust Co , Woolworth&#39;s Building , Southern Amusement Building , Elks Home , Danville Post Office , Masonic Building , and Danville City Market . Located in the district are the separately listed Hotel Danville and the Danville Municipal Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Holbrook–Ross Street Historic District is a national historic district located in Danville, Virginia. The district includes 107 contributing buildings in a primarily African-American neighborhood of Danville. It includes a full range of late 19th and early 20th century residential, commercial, and institutional structures. The majority of the houses are single-family dwellings that were built between 1880 and 1910, and includes notable examples of vernacular Italianate and Queen Anne styles. Notable buildings include the Williams House , Hargraves-Geary House , Tisden House , Leroy Johnson House , Broadnax Apartment , Calvary Baptist Church , Holbrook Street Presbyterian Church , Loyal Baptist Church , Wesley AME Church , Westmoreland Middle School , and the Annex Building . Located in the district are the separately listed Hotel Danville and the Danville Municipal Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Danville Tobacco Warehouse and Residential District is a national historic district located at Danville, Virginia. The district includes 532 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in the city of Danville. The district reflects the late-19th century and early-20th development of Danville as a tobacco processing center and includes residential, commercial, and industrial buildings reflecting that growth. It also includes archaeological sites related to early Native American settlements in the area. Notable buildings include the American Tobacco&#39;s Harris Building, the Imperial Tobacco Company Building, Cabell Warehouse, Patton Storage Units , Crowell Motor Company, Municipal Power Station , Riverside Cotton Mill #1 , and a variety of "shotgun" houses and bungalow workers housing. Located in the district are the separately listed Danville Municipal Building and Danville Southern Railway Passenger Depot.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, with a boundary increase in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Dan River Inc. Riverside Division Historic District and Dan River Mill No. 8 was a textile mill complex and later a national historic district located at Danville, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was built by the Riverside Cotton Mills, which were later called Dan River Inc. Most of the industrial buildings date from the 1880s through the 1910s. Rather than hiring local residents who were mostly black, the company exclusively recruited rural white workers. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. In 2006, Dalmia Group Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Limited purchased the company and closed the facility, moving production overseas. The historic district had a boundary increase in 2010 but it was delisted in 2016 after the site was partially cleared.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The district included 23 contributing buildings and 13 contributing structures in the city of Danville. The district included buildings and structures associated with the Riverside Division, one of two historic textile mill complexes in Danville. The building and structures are characterized by multistory industrial buildings of mostly brick construction. Dan River Mill No. 8 is a four-story, reinforced concrete building constructed in the 1920s. The Riverside Division of the company, site of the former Riverside Cotton Mills was constructed by its long time president and founder T.B. Fitzgerald.</p><br>
<p>The John and Katharine Tunkun Podjun Farm is a farm located at 9582 East 1 Mile Road in Luther, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Podjunus emigrated from Lithuania in 1897 or 1898, shortening his name (to Podjun) on arrival and settling in Boston. He eventually moved to the coal-mining region of southern Illinois, and built a house in Johnston City, Illinois. In 1904 he married Katharine Tunkun, the sister of a friend and fellow emigre. Some years later, the couple had had two children and considered moving. They saw an advertisement in a Lithuanian-language newspaper for land in Lake County, Michigan. Other Lithuanians had already settled in the area in the late 19th century, drawn by the timber industry and farming.</p><br>
<p>John and Katharine Podjun purchased the land this farm sits on in 1914, and moved there in the summer of that year. At the time, the land was recently cut timber. John Podjun immediately began clearing the land, developing crop fields, an orchard, pasture areas and a large garden plot. The Podjuns also constructed a small dwelling (now the rear portion of the main house) and then the main section of the barn, completing the barn in 1916. They slowly constructed a complex of farm buildings over the next 15 years, adding a granary, corn crib, machine shed, chicken house, and an addition to the barn.</p><br>
<p>John Podjun retired from farming in 1953 and died the following year. Katherine Podjun continued living there until her death in 1973, and the couples daughter Amelia Podjun Baker Yost lived there until her death in 1995. After Amelias death, the farm passed to her surviving children, Paul Ross Baker, Amelia C. Jayne, and Kathleen McNeel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Podjun Farm is an L-shaped tract of land covering 120 acre. The farm also includes crop fields, an orchard, pasture, a woodlot, red pine plantations, areas of cedar swamp, and a farmstead with a collection of buildings. The buildings include an I-house-style farmhouse, a gambrel-roof barn, a granary/corn crib, and a machine shed. Springs on the property form the headwaters of the Little Manistee River.</p><br>
<p>House: The Podjun house is a two-story side-gable I-house with a one-story rear ell. The rear ell is the original living quarters, built in 1914. The house is covered with clapboard with plain corner- and frieze boards. A porch is located in the center of the front facade, supported with brick piers. The front section of the house measures 28 feet by 16 feet, and contains a living room and bedroom downstairs, with two bedrooms upstairs. The rear ell contains a kitchen and a utility room.</p><br>
<p>Barn: The barn consists of two sections connected to form an L shape, The original section of the barn, constructed in 1914-15, is a gambrel-roof structure with sliding entrance door on a fieldstone foundation, measuring 60 feet by 40 feet. A 1930 gable-roof addition on a concrete foundation, measuring 42 feet by 32 feet, projects to one side. Both sections are framed with beech timbers in a combination of post and beam and plank framing, and sided vertically. The basement level of the original portion contains thirty oak stanchions for cows and two double and two single stalls for horses, set on either side of a center aisle. The addition&#39;s basement level contains a calf barn with its pens and animal-feeding facilities. The upper portion contains space for hay storage, and an upper loft for bedding straw.</p><br>
<p>Machine Shed: The machine shed is a 16 foot by 30 foot asymmetrically gables structure built in the 1920s. It has a concrete foundation and vertical board siding with three sets of doors. The interior contains a workbench and the base for an electrical generator used until 1940 to supply electricity to the farm.</p><br>
<p>Granary / Corn Crib: The granary is a gable roofed building measuring 18 feet by 10 feet, with a granary on one end and corn crib in the other. The granary portion is clad in vertical boarding, the corn crib in wooden slats. The building rests on individual field stones at each corner.</p><br>
<p>The farmstead area also contains foundations for a round wooden silo and a small chicken coop, the remains of a well and pump, and a 1970s garage. The remains of a farm lane run from the barnyard to One Mile road, with a small concrete slab bridge built in 1931 crossing the Little Manistee River.</p><br>
<p>H. T. Klugel Architectural Sheet Metal Work Building is a historic factory building located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built in 1914, and is a one-story, five bay wide, brick structure with stepped parapets on the sides. The front facade is sheathed in decorative silver and black painted worked sheet metal in an Edwardian Classicism style. It features large rounded arches with a fan tracery filling the top of the arch. It also has a balustrade with pedestals capped by onion domes that top the east and west bays.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is located in the Belfield-Emporia Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Old Merchants and Farmers Bank Building, also known as the Old Public Library, is a historic bank building located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built in 1902, and is a one-story, eclectic, red and yellow brick structure with a concave mansard roof. The front facade features a galvanized sheet-metal cornice that may have been manufactured by H. T. Klugel. The bank occupied the building until 1914, after which it housed the public library until 1977. It is currently occupied by the Greensville-Emporia Historical Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The former bank is also located within the Hicksford–Emporia Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Village View, also known as the Mansion House, is a historic home located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built about 1815, and substantially improved in 1826. It is a two-story, double pile, Federal style frame dwelling. It has a two-story rear ell added in the 20th century. It features a two-story front porch and exterior end chimneys. Village View served as a Confederate headquarters during the American Civil War and was used later by the owners of a boys&#39; academy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Greensville County Courthouse Complex is a historic courthouse complex located at South Main Street  between Hicksford Avenue and Spring Street in Emporia, Virginia. The three contributing buildings are the two-story, porticoed courthouse built in 1834, the clerks office built in 1894, and the former Greensville Bank Building, now the county administrators office, in 1900 and 1907. The courthouse originally took a Palladian form, but was remodeled between 1907 and 1910 to take a Beaux-Arts appearance. The clerks office was considerably enlarged in 1916 and the Georgian-style facade added in 1961. The interior of the county administrators office features elaborate pressed-tin walls and ceilings manufactured by the local concern, H.T. Klugel. The buildings are set upon the courthouse square, which includes a cannon honoring residents who participated in World War I, and a Confederate monument.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The complex is also located within the Hicksford–Emporia Historic District.</p><br>
